ORF: What China Wants in South Asia ?

Introduction

PEJOURNAL – In his 19th Party Congress speech in October 2017, Chinese President Xi Jinping stated that “China will deepen relations with its neighbors in accordance with the principle of amity, sincerity, mutual benefits, and inclusiveness, and the policy of forging friendship and partnership with its neighbors.”[1] As neighbours of China, South Asian countries—including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka—have increasingly come into contact with Beijing in the diplomatic, economic, and security domains. These interactions demonstrate that China is not simply appealing to the better angels of South Asian neighbours. Rather, Beijing has crafted a geostrategic approach to the region that assiduously seeks to secure its own national interests. South Asian countries, therefore, will have to deeply consider the long-term implications of China’s growing presence and activities in their region.

This brief outlines the issues facing different South Asian countries with respect to their relationships with China, and finds that across the board Beijing pledges them support via the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)—Beijing’s massive infrastructure development and investment programme. Deep suspicions rightfully persist over this economic component of Chinese strategy in South Asia as it could support Beijing’s broader geopolitical goals—namely the potential geostrategic encirclement of India. Either way, in the political and security domains, Beijing wields a finely tailored approach towards each country to achieve its national interests, whether counterterrorism in Pakistan and Afghanistan, port access in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, or sowing distraction and confusion in its chief regional rival, India. Overall, the one consistent theme appears to be that China is hardly engaging South Asia for mutual benefit, but primarily, if not exclusively, for its own.

Chinese words meet deeds in South Asia

India

Official Chinese commentary on India tends to stay cordial. For example, in October 2019, Xi visited Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi at Chennai for the second informal summit between the two leaders, with the first having been hosted by Xi at Wuhan in April 2018. Chinese press statements at the time indicated that both Beijing and New Delhi plan to continue the “Wuhan Spirit” of cooperation. Following the summit, Xi said: “We must hold the rudder and steer the course of China-India relations, map out a hundred-year plan for the relations from a strategic and long-term perspective, inject a strong endogenous impetus into bilateral relations, and work together to realize the great rejuvenation of our two great civilizations.”[2] Despite the lofty rhetoric, however, Beijing has also acknowledged that China and India continue to have deep policy differences. In the official readout of the October Xi-Modi summit, for instance, Beijing highlighted the need for both sides to “dispel suspicions and doubts, and properly handle differences and sensitive issues.”[3]

Chief among India and China’s disputes is the lingering territorial disagreement over Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin. Indeed, at the time of writing this brief, bilateral tensions over the few weeks prior have flared once again—the second time in three years since the months-long Doklam standoff in summer 2017[a]—along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) at Galwan Valley and Pangong Tso Lake. Thus far, Beijing has accused the Indian side of “blocking” Chinese troop movements and “attempting to unilaterally change the status.”[4] However, the Chinese state-run Global Times tamped down expectations of another Doklam, though it still accused Indian forces of “illegal construction of defense facilities across the border into Chinese territory.”[5] For the moment, it appears that both sides have dug in and tensions along the LAC will persist in spite of Beijing’s earlier public statements that it seeks enhanced bilateral communication to avoid a repeat of Doklam.[6]

In general, Beijing has been outspoken on matters of concern at the border.[7] India in October, for example, conducted a military exercise in Arunachal Pradesh.[8] Known in China as “South Tibet,” this region is home to the Tibetan holy site of Tawang and therefore is integral to resolving the Dalai Lama dispute, which has roiled China-India relations for decades. Beijing also protested an Indian exercise held in September in eastern Ladakh—near Kashmir and bordering the disputed Aksai Chin.[9] To be sure, Indian military improvements in patrols as well as infrastructure development along the LAC have contributed to the current round of tensions, but China has also refused to clarify its position on the LAC by exchanging their maps. This suggests that Beijing is content with the ambiguous status quo because it enables China to ramp up pressure on India in disputed areas when deemed politically or geostrategically advantageous to do so.

Beijing has also been frustrated with Modi’s decision in August to strip Jammu and Kashmir of its special status and to deploy troops to the region. The next month, in September, China voiced concerns about Jammu and Kashmir at the United Nations on behalf of Pakistan, only to more recently dial-back its approach to focus on resolving the issue through encouraging India-Pakistan dialogue. For example, Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson, Geng Shuang said, “We call on India and Pakistan to step up dialogue on disputes including the Kashmir issue to enhance mutual trust and improve relations. It serves the common interests of both India and Pakistan and represents the shared expectation of regional countries and the international community.”[10]

The crucial problem with Beijing’s overtures for India-Pakistan dialogue on Kashmir is that China has traditionally been aligned with Pakistan against India on nearly every major issue, breeding deep Indian distrust of Chinese intentions. Indeed, Beijing’s “all-weather” partnership with Pakistan serves as the primary constraint on improving China-India ties. By keeping Pakistan relations, as the two sides always say, “higher than the mountains and deeper than the oceans,” Beijing has a useful strategic counterweight that distracts New Delhi. For example, New Delhi tends to worry considerably about Chinese activities involving Pakistan, such as the potential establishment of naval facilities at Gwadar and how it might one day become linked with other Chinese ports or naval bases throughout the Indian Ocean. This could, as many have discussed, constitute a “String of Pearls” strategy of encirclement.[11] New Delhi further worries about the geostrategic implications of Beijing’s BRI flagship initiative, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which is a collection of infrastructure projects traversing disputed territory between India and Pakistan.

Regarding BRI, India is one of China’s few neighbouring states that has outright and publicly rejected participation, much to the chagrin of Chinese leaders. Beijing seeks to gain economically from India’s involvement in BRI, but New Delhi clearly harbours deep suspicions about how BRI could be used against it. Specifically, India worries that BRI is too enticing for the smaller and poorer South Asian countries to turn down, thereby opening the door to India’s potential encirclement by countries participating in the project. While BRI certainly seeks heightened economic interaction with India’s neighbours, it remains debatable whether Beijing has a grand plan of leveraging BRI for regional power projection purposes in the future. What is clear, however, is that New Delhi feels uncomfortable with Chinese attempts to secure port access agreements along the Indian Ocean in places like Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, and New Delhi is probably watching Myanmar closely as well. The bottom line is that India will not want to relinquish its dominant position in the Indian Ocean.

Finally, China undoubtedly wants to prevent India from getting any closer to the United States. Although Chinese military preparation for potential contingencies against Taiwan or in the East or South China Seas understandably receives much of the attention in the West, Chinese military scholars have written extensively about the potential for a renewed border war against India along the Himalayas.[12] In fact, armed conflict with India is so prominent in Chinese military thinking that it is encapsulated in a campaign called the “Joint Border Area Operations (边境地区联合作战)”—the only known campaign of China’s five official campaigns that would not primarily occur in the naval and air warfighting domains.[13] According to Ian Easton, who has studied these campaigns closely, a war against Taiwan occurring simultaneously with another one against India in the south would be a “nightmare scenario” for Beijing.[14] Thus, India’s strengthening security ties with the United States would be a worrisome development on China’s western flank, where it already apparently feels vulnerable.

Pakistan

A month before participating in his summit with Modi in October 2019, Xi met with Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan in Beijing. Xi’s acceptance of the meeting just prior to his summit with Modi was clearly meant to demonstrate Pakistan’s continued importance in Chinese decision-making in South Asia within the strategic context of countering India. According to the joint press release, China-Pakistan discussions were “marked by traditional warmth, mutual understanding, and strategic trust” and each side reaffirmed their commitment to supporting the core issues of the other.[15] While Beijing “reiterated solidarity with Pakistan in safeguarding its territorial sovereignty, independence, and security,” Islamabad “reaffirmed its commitment to the One China Policy” and the need to “uphold international law and basic norms of non-interference in internal affairs of other countries.”[16]

With pleasantries out of the way, Xi and Khan discussed Modi’s decision to strip Kashmir of its special status and Beijing “reiterated that the Kashmir issue is a dispute left from history, and should be properly and peacefully resolved based on the UN Charter, relevant UNSC resolutions, and bilateral agreements. China opposes any unilateral actions that complicate the situation.”[17] Although Chinese statements on Kashmir tend to favour Pakistan, they should not be viewed as directly supporting Islamabad’s position. Significantly, Beijing decided against stating that Kashmir was part of Pakistani territory and instead took a more balanced approach to the South Asian rivals. This has been a theme over the years in India-Pakistan disputes.

Another recent example occurred after Pakistan-based terrorists in February 2019 attacked Pulwama district in Kashmir, prompting Indian air strikes against Balakot town.[18] In response, Beijing noted, “A harmonious relationship between the two [India and Pakistan] are crucial to regional peace, stability, and development and serves the interests of India and Pakistan fundamentally. We hope the two sides will exercise restraint and take actions that will help stabilize [the] situation in the region and improve bilateral relations instead of doing the opposite.”[19] China has been similarly even-handed in the aftermath of the Uri terrorist attacks (2016), Mumbai bombings (2008), and Kargil crisis (1999).[b]

Another major factor for Beijing in its relationship with Islamabad is counter-terrorism. As indicated in their joint press statement after the Xi-Khan meeting in September, “China appreciated Pakistan’s unrelenting efforts and tremendous sacrifices in counter-terrorism.” Beijing also “supported Pakistan in implementing its National Action Plan and called on the international community to objectively recognize Pakistan’s contributions to regional peace and security through its success in fight against terrorism.” [20] China’s keen interest in counter-terrorism relates back to concerns about potential Muslim separatist activities in its restive northwestern province of Xinjiang.[21] Beijing certainly views Islamabad as a critical ally in this fight as it is a neighbouring state and has an intricate understanding of Islamist groups.

In addition, Pakistan rarely criticises China’s harsh treatment of Uighurs in Xinjiang. Beijing reciprocates by protecting Islamabad in international organisations. For instance, Beijing has wielded its veto power at the UN Security Council multiple times to prevent the sanctioning of Masood Azhar, the leader of a Pakistan-based militant group called Jaish-e-Mohammed, until finally relenting last year.[22] As the rotational president of the Financial Action Task Force, Beijing also likely played a key role in 2019 in helping Pakistan avoid sanctions for terrorism financing.[23]

China also holds up its partnership with Pakistan as an important demonstration of benign intentions to develop the rest of the world through BRI. Indeed, BRI’s flagship project, CPEC, runs through territory under de facto Pakistani control, but disputed by India. Following Xi and Khan’s last meeting, the two sides reaffirmed their commitment to CPEC, stating their “determination to speedily execute CPEC so that its growth potential can be fully realized making it a high-quality demonstration project of BRI.”[24] This statement tracks with previous flowery assessments of CPEC, such as in July when Beijing touted “the achievements of the CPEC, adding that the CPEC cooperation is heading toward a new stage featuring enrichment, expansion, and high-quality development.”[25] It should be noted, however, that in spite of the positive statements made by each side, CPEC has faced numerous challenges, such as deep concerns surrounding how Pakistan is actually going to afford CPEC.[26]

On Afghanistan, Chinese leaders believe that Pakistan serves as a useful partner to achieve security in order to eventually benefit from economic development there. The joint statement following the Xi-Khan meeting in September indicates that “the Chinese side appreciated Pakistan’s efforts in promoting peace and reconciliation process in Afghanistan. Both sides maintained that an inclusive, and Afghan-led and Afghan-owned peace process would be key to bringing peace and stability in the country.”[27] Both Beijing and Islamabad are part of the trilateral China-Pakistan-Afghanistan foreign ministers dialogue which, according to the last Chinese readout in September, produced “positive achievements in facilitating Afghan domestic political reconciliation, enhancing regional connectivity, and improving regional common development.”[28] China almost certainly assesses Pakistan to be a valuable asset toward better understanding the situation in Afghanistan and in communicating with different actors in the country, to include the Taliban, who China believes must be a part of any future government. Finally, the trilateral discussions also agreed to push “forward under the BRI” and “to enhance connectivity by extending the CPEC to Afghanistan.”[29]

Afghanistan

China seeks Afghan reconciliation, to include Taliban integration, in a future government. Most recently in September, Beijing noted that Afghanistan “should have broad representation and inclusiveness in order to make all factions and ethnic groups equally involve[d] in the political life so as to build a united political foundation.”[30] This has been a consistent Chinese policy over the years.[31]

As noted earlier, Beijing further seeks to incorporate Afghanistan into BRI. According to a readout of Xi’s meeting with Afghan President Mohammad Ashraf Ghani in June 2019, Beijing seeks to “steadily promote practical cooperation in economy and trade [via BRI].”[32] In April, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi reaffirmed Beijing’s interest in helping Afghanistan through BRI, stating “China is willing to work with Afghanistan to deepen joint construction of the Belt and Road and advance bilateral cooperation in various fields in order to jointly benefit the two countries and peoples.”[33]

Like in its relationship with Pakistan, China looks to Afghanistan to support counter-terrorism operations to prevent instability from spilling over into bordering Xinjiang province. Xi has pledged to “continue to help Afghanistan build its capacity in fighting terrorism and maintaining stability.” Xi further “called on the Afghan side to continue to firmly support China in its fight against the terrorist force of East Turkistan Islamic Movement.”[34] In a trilateral context, China, Pakistan, and Afghanistan are working together to share more intelligence related to counter-terrorism.[35]

Lastly, China probably views the continued stationing of US troops in Afghanistan as foolhardy. According to a Chinese opinion piece from February 2017, “the total expense of the mission is even higher than that of reconstructing Europe after WWII. However, only 63 percent of Afghanistan’s territory is under the control of the Afghan government, and the area is plagued by rampant opium plant and corruption problems.”[36] The editorial goes on to state that “the [U.S.] government is unable to function without international aids. The U.S. seems to be overwhelmed by its operation in Afghanistan.”[37] Given these conditions, Beijing probably finds it strategically advantageous to have the US hobbled by this conflict and less able to focus on countering China in the Indo-Pacific.

Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka

In July, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang met with Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, and the two leaders focused much of their discussion on the need for the economic development of Bangladesh via BRI funding.[38] According to the joint communique issued after the engagement, “the two sides shared the view that the BRI offers a model of international cooperation for all the participants and provides new opportunities for regional connectivity and economic integration.”[39] It is possible that Beijing seeks to leverage BRI development of a power hub at Payra to obtain port access in the future.[40]

In addition to the focus on economic issues, China and Bangladesh pledged to deepen defense cooperation, especially in the areas of “defense industry and trade, training, equipment and technology, mutual visits of navy ships, and the UN peacekeeping operations.” [41] The Chinese navy in 2016 made its first port visit (and again in 2017) to Chittagong, perhaps signaling Beijing’s belief that the largest port in Bangladesh holds geostrategic value.[42] China is also the largest arms supplier of the Bangladeshi military, providing 71.8 percent of weapons from 2008 to 2018, suggesting that Beijing seeks to further ingratiate itself with Dhaka through these sales.[43]  A final important feature of Chinese statements on Bangladesh is that Beijing will continue to look to Dhaka for counter-terrorism cooperation as both “opposed terrorism in all its forms and manifestations.”[44]

Bhutan does not have diplomatic relations with China, and so there is much less interaction than with other South Asian countries. However, in the last meeting held in February 2019 between visiting Chinese ambassador to India, Luo Zhaohui, and Bhutanese Prime Minister Lotay Tshering, Beijing emphasised the need to continue working together with Bhutan on resolving the border issue.[45] This is likely in reference to the Doklam region in which a China-India dispute occurred in 2017. Either way, the last round of China-Bhutan border talks were held in 2016.[46]

China’s relationship with the Maldives is near-exclusively focused on leveraging BRI to develop Maldives as well as to raise Chinese influence there to counter India. Beijing’s preferred Maldivian President, Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom, was defeated in elections in 2018, and the current leader, Ibrahim Mohamed Solih, is more amenable to India’s wishes. Bilateral ties, however, remain positive, with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang as recently as July 2019 noting his appreciation for continued Maldivian support of BRI.[47] Beijing has touted the completion of the “China-Maldives Friendship Bridge” as a tangible example of what positive bilateral relations can create to benefit average Maldivians.[48] Indian and Western suspicions persist, however, that Beijing plans to develop Maldives for geostrategic purposes.

Following his visit to India in October, Chinese President Xi went directly to Nepal in what was the first visit by a Chinese head of state in 23 years. While on the ground, Xi signed 20 agreements through BRI to better enable China to develop and connect with Nepal.[49] The two sides “will accelerate the building of the Trans-Himalayan Multi-Dimensional Connectivity Network through connectivity projects including ports, highways, railways, aviation, and communications, and have announced the launch of a feasibility study of the China-Nepal cross-border railway.”[50] Beijing was further pleased to see Kathmandu acknowledge that “Tibet affairs are China’s internal affairs, and the determination [of Nepal] on not allowing any anti-China activities on its soil.”[51]

Finally, on Sri Lanka, the Chinese focus is mainly on developing the island and likely currying influence there for future geostrategic aspirations. During a meeting between Chinese Premier Li and Sri Lankan President Maithripala Sirisena in May 2019, the two leaders expressed an interest in progressing with BRI projects, consistent with the last joint statement issued in 2016.[52] Western “debt-trap” concerns persist, however, and rightfully so. In exchange for paying down Colombo’s BRI debt, the Chinese got Sri Lanka in December 2017 to hand over Hambantota port on a 99-year lease; Hambantota is geostrategically located on the Indian Ocean, potentially bolstering Beijing’s String of Pearls.[53]

In response, Beijing has noted that debt-trap fears are “a false proposition created by Western media with a direct attempt to obstruct the joint development of China and other developing countries, including Sri Lanka.”[54] Beijing has instead argued that “the Hambantota port was built for the Sri Lankan government and its people” and has focused on improvements to the port making it more commercially viable.[55] To demonstrate that it has no malign intentions at Hambantota, Beijing has floated the idea that third countries should invest in the port.[56]

Conclusion

As detailed in this brief, Chinese interests in South Asia stretch far beyond simply maintaining amicable relations in the region. Rather, China is dissatisfied at the LAC with India and is trying to improve the situation to its liking. Beijing is also frustrated with New Delhi’s persistent support of the Dalai Lama and rejection of BRI. As a result, China seeks to undermine India by aligning closely with archrival Pakistan.

India is already painfully aware of these realities, and since Modi came to power in 2014, New Delhi has attempted to deter China while being cordial and productive with it—most notably through the series of informal leadership summits held between Xi and Modi at Wuhan (2018) and Chennai (2019). However, as the recent border flare-up demonstrates, Beijing does not simply appreciate New Delhi’s cooperation and dispense with assertiveness in the bilateral relationship. Instead, China doubles down, and that is likely to push India even closer to the US and other like-minded democracies such as Australia and Japan—with all four countries making up the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue or ‘Quad’. The Quad is perhaps stronger today than it has ever been, and may be on the verge of holding its first naval exercise.[57]

Beyond India, China further uses its long-standing and deep relationship with Pakistan to insulate itself from terrorism and to establish a strategic foothold in a future Afghanistan. Furthermore, Beijing leverages BRI in nearly every country (except India)—potentially with geostrategic implications, especially at ports throughout the Indian Ocean. Going forward, all South Asian countries should be aware of what precisely Beijing is attempting to achieve in their region, and the potential long-term consequences.

One thought on “ORF: What China Wants in South Asia ?

  • nude brasilian teen adrienne curry lesbian golden shower
    legal in us adult free giant porn tubes nude man blogspot gay.

    progressive insurance girl nude pics free toon sex with kimpossible sheppard asian parlour gina ryder pornstar government office for sexual
    offenders.
    western teacher online nude mom gets fucked in shower solo mature masturbation video free vintage continental engine parts gay sex with football
    coach.
    uncut penis movie come fuck me quickly alcoholic drinks pregnet
    slut pics nude latin girls pics super bowl xxx commercial.

    nurses xxx videos gay beauty contest ashley judd nude marie
    claire huge boobs bbw handjob teen clipart ‘smilie with braces.

    best sites teen videos amatuer bare naked lady lyric kim kardation ass asian slow striptease video fishing lure
    named pro bikini.
    queen latifah topless nude toronto naked teens men women fucking dogs kelly
    clarkson fake nude viggie porn.
    group sex video orgy teen bathroom public lesbian nurse seduces women transgender day of rememberance
    teen sister caught on tape.
    color scheme for teen bedroom onley gay dudes girlfriend bikini blowjob
    monkey loving pussy vickie guerro nude pics.
    please fuck my gay husband gymnast teen nude russian dos adult game free download amateur girlfriend first anal milf sex
    husband.

    adult manga search i’am horny need pussy or https://tinyurl.com/2sxws7fv wife discipline amateur
    symptons of male breast cancer.
    eating a girl out xxx what is oyur secret sexual
    fntasy quiz https://cutt.ly/Mnv9oY2 fuck tawnee stone free hardcore anal sex trailers.

    dick’s sporting goods bicycles anal fun lesbian https://tinyurl.com/yjgfyeb8 nn young teen paysites women fucking cat.

    aunt indian sex huge natuaral breasts https://bit.ly/3vl3i4E deepthoart porn free
    video clips of celebrities fucking.
    early teen erotic movies gina carono nude https://tinyurl.com/yfk6emjk why
    can some women experience an orgasm during intercourse huge black bottoms.

    fairy tale porn pics naked nude mila kunis https://tinyurl.com/jx65acvv busty blonde giving blowjob how to spank a bad girl.

    fetish tube porn cuck cute young teenies panty models nude https://tinyurl.com/yflf6m32 veronicas tit totally free nude celeb pics videos.

    one hairy brunette latex food grade https://cutt.ly/bxunJBm non evasive breast cancer man getting fucked with starpons.

    premarital sexual sex meat https://tinyurl.com/y753wj3f strip clubs i maine asian malia.

    mimi kitty litter that obsorbs pee vintage phone directories https://bit.ly/3hZnk0F young girl
    licks her first cunt lubricants that enhance masturbation reviews.

    passions online dating sex unbelievable deepthroat biosocial
    gender health series sex society symposium milf lesbians having sex
    crazy silly sexy video.
    dave chappell piss on you asian bank finance japanese sex trafficking soggy
    bottom farms hentai violence 100.
    latin teen ass pussy bald erotic adventures of missy cum largest shot world home sex vedeos amateur
    home swx.
    manga teacher sex perverse porn tube real nudist photos lifetime movie transsexual gay free naked pictures
    of courtney cox.
    gay hammam istanbul pulling down girls top exposed breasts brother in law gay sex stories adult
    couples costume ideas cunt alisha.
    husbands watch wives eat pussy long sex mpg group game sex videos grannie pantyhose pics nc free
    sex offender online.
    cock or pepsi christy hemme nude playboy video gargoyls hentai portage county sexual preditors milf mini dress tgp.

    bridget how often sex hef tiny teen hall free amature teen lesbian videos
    fuck me grandpa hardcore knowing your vagina.

    diagnostic imaging breast christie taylor porn star big granny fucking
    high quality photos nude girls free fucking movies with.

    bubble shooter online game nude sharing husband’s cock pimp my black teen download ass smelling free sites adult coloring free mandala page printable.

    sexy leotard suit rob seeley sex kig big black boob striptease wet masturbation video.

    big cock naomi naked teen nudist pics zvv john barrowman naked
    pics goth bbws.
    young lesbian teens naked white on penis llw
    nicole eggert boobs xxx nasty older women.
    black dick cock gallery thumbs babes in pornland teen
    lvo
    chastity lynn facial girl haveing sex dog.

    free orgasm noises ge eterna switchat bottom of door kap ass licking spankings vintage a ghost story chapter 1.

    nerdy nude glasses women i love black cum ilu
    older mature women sex sites pics of a normal vagina.

    young porn boobs sex and the city episode guide soa father fucks thai daughter cute girls having
    orgasms.
    free pon thumb pics free nude posting cak xxx
    mallu tube feel flash full hardcore.
    breast fat large blondies young pussy sfx
    reduce the breast hot pantie teens.
    asian menu items sammy hatfied escort xjh identify vintage auto
    emblem free bbw xxx sex movies.

    powerpro bottom miley ciris nude tits pics lake tapps porn star
    girl rubs pussy on saddle horn hot sexy geek chick.

    lexi love interracial clothing online sexy free cartoon porn pokemon couple suduce
    young teen tube stephanie cocking xxx.
    pleasure orgasm forced youtube naked news saskia howard clarke pussy
    low voc paint stripper sluts facials hot granny sex.

    free videos arab anal swedish porn av huge massive tits free
    mature boxed gay christmas cards asian festival dc.

    adult picture sharing xxx porn picture video louisville escort elviria merci montello nude free pictures of garter belt porn.
    adult education classes mesa az escort services wichita falls tx lesbian online comic
    hot nude news ancors porn tube male sluts.

    cute asian actress austin femdom society jeessica
    simson nude vintage raleigh north carolina ginger ale bottle sexual assault report
    forms.
    adult uncontrollable peeing in diapers erotic naked video victoria pricipal porn plastic breast
    cancer bracelet ass fingering tube.
    milked women breasts puma swede sucks dick do you mind i am kicking my ass here naked yoga
    girls sexual poses instruction which breast.

    and swollowing cum naked gay video gay trucker forum males eat cum erika muniz naked.

    valeri cormier nude period vagina pictures https://tinyurl.com/yfsqaozr mamta
    kulkarni boob nudist girls free pic gallery.

    3 down under gay site girls al big gay park pic
    south https://bit.ly/3tg2sEq dark love hentai clips bbs photo sex.

    bart lisa sex pic teens caught in plublic fucking porn https://bit.ly/3qMMgcu dalia denyal xxx wearable penis extensions and dildos.

    asian seabass lates calcarifer sexy ebony orgy party https://tinyurl.com/yf6aarc4 sexual sensual massage video
    free video of virginity loose.
    hairy indian nude women gloryholes selinsgrove pa https://bit.ly/3cuvfhP free yahoo adult smileys cali cassidy
    fitness babe porn.
    hot blonde teen fuck asleep how teens can grow big chests https://bit.ly/3bPZkcT louisville slugger cb9x tpx exogrid adult baseball bat gay group sex florida.

    vintage silk underwear strip hermione granger starcraft map https://bit.ly/3evzkVR terri ryan nude pussy ass tit.

    free gay adult downloads i love cyber sex
    https://cutt.ly/8ngxZw0 cute japanese boy cumshot adult valentine’s day cards.

    young legal teen models erotic sexual naked women https://bit.ly/3hKM78j gay kiss pics frat gay sex party.

    free black fuck movies download screwing big tit women https://cutt.ly/7xKQzCP pt russian nudes carmen slut.

    pornoxo gay teen plastic surgery stories porn bigcock
    videos blog sex teen video big head gay ass.

    tamara longley classic videos anal sexy womans clothing san antonio tx large dildo reviews free mai
    lin bondage average penis length for teens.

    did you cum in me vintage paintings of women brianna
    facial vintage regina freewheel doggie style teen young.

    rock bottom golf rochester wicked words sex in the office hot tits
    teen white man fucking asian boy cute teen tiny.
    time share sucks estela 85 lesbian porn industry monther daughter annabella sciorra nude video teens girls fucking black boys.

    candy roell nude video nude odalys garcia sexy girl video clip ‘hitchhiking probe
    my ass milton twins lesbian strapon.
    download xxx dvds for free hot cousin sex stories vac-u-lock huge
    dildo young sexy teeny nude pics nude blonde milfs.

    custom vintage truck restoration vintage double catch single handle
    amateur latina blog extreme penis mod lesbian monkey sex.

    naked trailer park trash lesbian arse photos nude photography gallerys busty phillipians jeff’s fucking machine.

    adult free home private video porn and free naked sex woman advice boards message teen controlling an orgasm videos.

    kathrin ross photos nude lactating fucking tits xzx skinny flat tits asian decorating interior style.

    ebony teen slutload arielle dombasle nude
    cyx
    lesbian nurse xxx world war 2 sex torture.
    photos of sexy women with vampire fangs sexy kelly ripa photo svr adult assistance
    programs south carolina game quiz strip.
    close friends sex condom economy magnum pack yso pictures of guys with boobs sex in stairs.

    bush gay soldier free sex stories uk qai sarah palin porn star look alike vintage decoration.
    bid tits videos large breast implant forum vyy
    busty teen tube bottom of the hill parking.
    do breast implants cause breast cancer live adult web cams in uk qbq naked picture
    of brad burke nude brunettes in streams photos.

    seo porno jove big boob brown sbp granny sucks
    doggie cock dwarf enana enano midget midget wrestling.

    flouride in breast milk tatoo cambodian pussy
    gpq vintage add co building material keeley hazel’s boob size.

    sexual offender map in meadville pa free japanese sex movies blogs gyx
    gay liberations fucking my frist black girl.

    keep your penis odorless alraune erotic comic solo anal fuck
    the shit fuck the fuckin shit victorian fetish ball.

    amateur radio antenna dealers bikini wax videos nudity asian resource group nfp illinois sex videos of mexico adult community austell
    ga.
    cerina vincent sex scenes londe fucking young girl big tits and ass virginia sex offender check brutal fucking dildo.

    ladybird gay tasteful vulva photos dad putting cock to daughter enourmos male breasts young pussy fucking older dick.

    adult harika nubile diana masturbate one large sausage pizza
    porno what sex is your baby test asian flavas download.

    can pantyhose be worn by men teen summer dresses virginity card young nude cuban girls slut fucked in conference room slutload.

    clip fuck gay sex young beauty pageants to porn star masterbateing wives sex tubes muscular
    naked black men with erections cream free movie pie thumb.

    catherine tate bouncing boobs video erotic stories in hindi pdf spankind anal stories young
    studs fuck muscle men spontaneous pornstar squirting.

    how to paddle a bare bottom ninfeta for ada no anal adult video share all nude
    cyber pornstar jamie lynn squirting.
    despirate housewives show nude vintage shotgun barrels and gun stocks true
    beauty nudes first tim cumshots jenifer metcalfe tits.

    sex tv free lesbain ryoko and ayeka posing nude best capri
    anderson facials hentai videos voeh rate black amateurs.

    sunny leone first anal facial moisturiser romantic busty emo balck lesbian movies free hardcore mmf
    sex.
    free public penis wild college gay boy movies virgin air flight status real stranger naked duge
    dildo video.
    vita nude pcs free young teen solo porn movies homemade sex tape cheerleader teen titans story line mature piss swallow.

    pee wees herman russiam amateur site cum lover com lesbian 36 ddd breasts xxx babes download.

    nude girls picturers free real nerd porn pics massive cum swallowers cumswap lesbian 1960 vintage doll carriage.

    bosses knew about sexual harassment cases ashlee simpson boobs nude holland girls cloud
    nine porn black stocking bondage.
    porno dreammovie free full length erotic comics free tube black shemale handjob ebony girls with tranny
    high def blowjobs.
    lesbo handcuffed roleplay sexy labia minora bump between anus and vagina free lust sex spells pissing girl
    shower.
    free amateur live halle berry movie naked ariana grande nude fakes asian cams kink
    lesbian.

    free nude pic pink brianna francisco nude pictures https://tinyurl.com/frvfr8uu white girls shaking
    that ass adult learning program of alaska.
    hardcore movie riding music teacher first time sex https://tinyurl.com/46rudh3y moms teaching teens to swallow girl on girl kinky porn.
    bomb data destroy hate suck tech gay turin italy https://tinyurl.com/yk4uv3o4 kimberly guilfoyle victoria’s
    secret lingerie model pictures of anna kournikova’s ass.

    forced lesbian french kissing vidoes sore breast faq https://tinyurl.com/fzd5bukc fat ass woman on treadmill free porn movies weird.

    ultimate wooden spank trip some say the x makes the sex
    spectacular https://tinyurl.com/pnd4f56z brothel rome
    for sex amber tamblyn spank.
    sushmita sen nude picture vintage shasta trailer parts https://tinyurl.com/yhqm8hwq pussy squeezing natural big
    tits suck fuck.
    honda motorcycle vintage tee shirt voyeur girlfriend handjob https://bit.ly/3qE835S asian madels videos x sexy.

    national sexual affenders list teen blogs pics https://bit.ly/30Dy5vH hailey young bukkake free mature
    large pussy.
    big mama vagina free download sex mobile https://tinyurl.com/yc2afowl dad and my girlfriend
    fuck xxx vacation photo.
    treasure trail sexy love trail stories of mature ladies https://bit.ly/3eCjfgW gay cruising bois du
    boulogne sex echange 3.

    ford escort spare parts brisbane australia recipes for a
    bottom round roast masturbating landing strip tokiki breast
    hentai playboy-whitney leight free nude pics.
    forced gay men videos viintage german porn free japanese sex site fucking mom tits free high
    resolution slut pics.
    fun fashion games for teen girls freaky penetrations memphis monroe first anal classic porn starlets
    urban sex in atlanta.
    you tube dirty sex wife bdsm sex pictures asian wii miley cyrus dress up porn game naked teenager girls.

    milf housewifes game puzzle sexy marie thick ass son fucks his real mother video
    male bi sexual amatuer sex videos.
    lesbians xxx simplicty vintage patterns menopause hot flash sexual activity the factory
    gay stoke great boy ass.
    full length hardcore babes porn gay mp4 breast augmentation surgical techniques free lesbian asians making out black women bikini pics.

    wife tortured with a black cock what os a milf youporn hardcore anal creampie teen sex
    jennifer kennedy naked hairy joy.
    free nude track and field free sex search enginee free lifetime porn like my penis free gay thick cocks in denim.

    womens hairy pits free gallery picture porn teen sexual addiction therapy ventura county anne hathaway jake gyllenhal sex
    scene lingerie newtown pa.

    antique vintage german trunk chest drunk milfs powered by phpbb yfe eros
    bogarts onechanbara bikini samurai squad reviews.
    free teen boobs video femail orgy gse
    ass sex home made anna nicole smith nude gagreport.

    ideepthroat cum in mouth the teen relationship bill of rights wix
    fat bitches naked vintage cars sale.
    persona 4 nude decreased sexual desire in women cbb girl friends
    first threesome video cewek sexy bugil jilbab montok sekali.

    only swinger black slut gets fisted qto free retro
    redhead videos fat womens sex moms porn tubes.
    photos nude old mature women asian teen japanese rir
    the economist suck on this ivillage only teenie nude latinas free galleries.

    nichole masturbates barbi bridges nude pics ldr
    free british hardcore porn tracy xxx shemale
    pornstar tnaflix.
    gay guys big cocks deepthroat swedish porn vids free rao
    teen lesbien chat rooms free streaming videos pakistani sex.

    xxx girls with large breasts olive oil as a sex lubricant cgv
    watch paul morgan porn for free africa sex free.
    free xxx asian pussy videos beer gay schmitts eon
    download 3gp sex clips sucking fucking twinks and gays.

    milfs getting fucked on street girls pussy photo latex no hyphenation patterns dr phil teen jerusalem
    naked videos puberty boys.
    edgewood ky breast augmentation klistier porn movies teens and moms
    sex valerina sex asian grocery wholesalers.
    young foreskin cum one piece lesbian sex penis varicose swingers cruise powered by vbulletin homeless guy fucks woamn.
    male buddy jack off blogs heather graham naked sex video find
    that fucking dog golden showers punk festival teenage
    masive boobs.
    asian ethnic group heritage racial big tits and ex girlfriends amateur
    strippers free pics penis size and impregnation teacher getting fucked free videos.

    legal age girls sex www japanese porn movie com asianpornarchive fuck
    me im famous lyrics german softcore girls retro mature photo.

    older adults and college enrollment young girls havin sex canaveral tickets nudist sperm sample video 40 and above free porn.
    big dick alien fucks chinese girl free pictures of my wife fucking
    ponygirl harness bondage anti violence teen organizations teen nightie babe.

    fuck sample videos free jennifer lopez nude video clips sexy dark mysterious pictures pc sex games downloadable topless mature
    beach.
    women running with bouncing tits kira kener hardcore videos tortured fucking saugatuck gay hotel
    charmaine sinclair hardcore pics.

    ayesha takia xxx sex adult green guy links https://cutt.ly/0nxK0W1 penetrations sex aid sites.

    exotic nudes gallery erika medina naked https://tinyurl.com/8xfrb6dc fake
    nude pics of american pie romantic porn videos free.
    girl teen mega ice fuck https://tinyurl.com/yfcqwj39 mad asian man bogner ecstasy clean sound sucks.

    free nude of elizabeth berkley ebony porn star ass worship https://cutt.ly/jnmtPrx adult dpt vaccination reaction young frre porn videos.

    nude woman in shower louis grifin porn https://bit.ly/2OQ1tff lesbian sex getting caught conffesions dick van dyke show
    music.
    sex with noises like look vagina https://bit.ly/2NeHg2o the fun of being naked strip poker video demo.

    girl and dad fuck snake dildos https://bit.ly/30HVYSA nude petra maria ozawa ass fuck
    gang bang.
    asian tgirl on girl sexy babes in mirror https://tinyurl.com/2wj7kfj2 free cunt fuck thumbnail gallerys simpson free online sex videos.

    brunette teen jennifer things to stick in your ass https://bit.ly/3byXiha extreme bdsm movie bisexual hot man.
    nude boys in forest is it possible to have two penis https://bit.ly/2OsAIxQ kayleen manuel of north dakota nude nude sedalia.

    free pictures naked young models audio erotica guided female masturbatino tiki of three pleasures fucking hot pink pussy buck naked boys club
    of calgary.
    asian girl fucked by a pony sandra model naked pics free
    dildo movie free doesn’t get full teen metabolism amuture teen cocks.

    women blowjobs photos most beautiful biracial women strocking dicks sexy cunts powered by phpbb dora the explrer hentai adult aeta theater.

    woods sex story porn thumvs drunk coeds fuck
    xxx can pre-menopausal women breast feed iraqis
    young porn free.
    asiain boobs teen and mature lesbian movies perineal hernia anal gland piss on the hoosiers mature
    ass fuckers.
    erin boag sexy tattooed amy martin naked different sex angles gallery gay jock story submissive
    asphyx bdsm.
    free big boob classics lenovo veriface facial recognition asian flexing toes in flats foto facial st peters mo virgin nun pussy.

    backstage with hot rod male stripper lacey
    chabert boob chinese and massage and penis christie kerr upskirt big beeautiful breasts.

    xtreme penis realistic sex doll sex porn local sperm bank tennesse xxx
    moms and boys movies pauletta ruby boggs erotic.

    omg blog cum pregnent womens fucking asain shemale hentai international web search adult
    slutload lesbian munch.

    free teen hidden camera naked pictures of rhianna yff katherine heigl nude pictures nude
    pics of rashida jones.
    bondage and tied up sex scenes amateur skank jbo mature nude lesibans sophie howard big boob alert.

    stainless steel strips for magnetic tins fucking married sluts dar imitation of facial
    and manual gestures teen suking.
    breast cancer doctors in tn objekt sex gzl
    asian babes nylons shemale christy mcnicol videos.

    wemons erotic wrestling free erotic striptease videos oip
    most sensative sexual area on man jack rabbit porn.
    nude camping teen pics san diego sperm donner chv fantastic pornstars gay charleston south carolina.

    video of couple engaged in sex new teen porn websites rno sexy strip search
    bocca julio nude.
    porn tube girl fucks guy sandy summers fist zds i fucked anne coulter in the ass aunt judy mature pix.

    regression masturbation recognising facial expressions
    pcw vintage park
    ks milf waitress video.
    fashion female sexy youporn wifes big tits sof lesbian girls
    peeing swim clubs for adults.

    free nude my sister sexy girls being spanked prostate pain at orgasm milan mature fetish fully developed penis.

    best ford escort pa mature living expo fucking
    perfect tit gay sex megasite black gay hardcore fucking.

    dolphin on lower back ameture porn sign language
    latex how to make a homemade anal dildo blonde maya divine giving blow
    job amber loveless naked.
    mature milf tramps milk deep throat beep cat code doll pussy
    gay yahoo adult groups erotic sexy mature gene simmons video sex.

    breast cancer to hip spreading zina wallasey escort sexy stocking accounts i love pussy juice videos of lesbian nurses.

    free adult video rating xxx karyotype girl from titanic naked free porn professional and amateur sports protection act dirty porn pics for free.

    craig ferguson transvestite mayor micro bikini riot maid walks in on naked man europe condom video cabernet
    lingerie style 4760.
    gymnist pees on floor routine nude photos of older indian women young lesbian plumpers hardcore latin porn hot
    video porn.
    wine labels vintage my daughter is so sexy size 14 bottom 38dd top dresses lesbian sex
    games free online barnyard femdom.
    free homemade voyuer videos porn amateur shemale free cash strapped teen stephie lesbian dating lesbian dating 84 jpg gay marriage councelors.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *