Gepolitics

From City-State to National-State

From City-State to National-State

Many explanations have been offered for why the dominant city-states of Italy declined, giving way to the larger, national states of Western Europe. Some, like World Systems theorists, have seen the decline of the Italian city-states as the result of the shift of trade from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, while others, like Richard Lachmann, have focused on institutional arrangements that rendered these systems less resilient when faced by external threats. 
Read More
SCFR: Roots Causes of China-India Border Tension

SCFR: Roots Causes of China-India Border Tension

PEJOURNAL - For almost a month now, severe border tensions between India and China have erupted in the Ladakh region of the Himalayas in the northern state of Jammu and Kashmir. Indian media reported, citing Indian officials that thousands of Chinese troops have entered the Galwan Valley in Ladakh. According to these reports the Chinese forces reportedly pitched tents in the area, dug trenches, and deployed heavy military equipment a few kilometers deep in what India regards its territory. China, on the other hand, says it is India that has actually changed the border equations. India has recently built a…
Read More
Foreign Policy: How the World Will Look After the Coronavirus Pandemic

Foreign Policy: How the World Will Look After the Coronavirus Pandemic

The pandemic will change the world forever. Foreign Policy Magazine asked 12 leading global thinkers for their predictions. PEJOURNAL - Like the fall of the Berlin Wall or the collapse of Lehman Brothers, the coronavirus pandemic is a world-shattering event whose far-ranging consequences we can only begin to imagine today. This much is certain: Just as this disease has shattered lives, disrupted markets and exposed the competence (or lack thereof) of governments, it will lead to permanent shifts in political and economic power in ways that will become apparent only later. To help us make sense of the ground shifting…
Read More
Political Economy Journal: Venezuela and Iran’s victory over sanctions

Political Economy Journal: Venezuela and Iran’s victory over sanctions

BY: Valeria Rodriguez PEJOURNAL - The arrival of Fortune and Forrest, those of the five Iranian ships with oil and additives for the production of gasoline to Venezuela is a victory of both countries over the criminal sanctions that the United States imposes on each of them.After September 11, 2011, the Bush administration understood that in order to have power in a globalized world, it must achieve financial hegemony since all the countries of the world need money to survive and operate in the 21st century, it creates financial trails that are difficult to hide, whoever has that information will…
Read More
How Long Will Trump’s Confrontation with China Last?

How Long Will Trump’s Confrontation with China Last?

PEJOURNAL - The conflict between China and the United States has a long history, but during Trump's presidency, the conflict has become more apparent, and Trump is trying to change the structure of relations between the two countries. The United States and China were informal allies during the Cold War against the Soviet Union. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States changed its view of China tillthe 1990s, so much so that China was identified as one of the most serious threats to the United States in the 21st century, according to a future congressional report. The…
Read More