Europe

29

Mar

China, energy corridor, energy economy, Energy Security, energy transit, Europe, gas, geopolitics, Geostrategic, Iran, Oil, Pakistan, Persian Gulf, Russia, Turkey

Geostrategic scrutiny on the construction of a new energy corridor

BY: Pooya Mirzaei PEJOURNAL - Energy has become a lever of burden and pressure that influence international relations and geopolitics. Thus, energy security has been considered vital and important around the world which brings an emergency construction of a tactical strategic energy corridor or passage as a way to guarantee safety-ness. One of the main elements that facilitate world economic development is energy. The pursuit of the world towards development has created unsteadiness and imbalances in the supply and demand of energy. Therefore, energy resource has a major issue that needed an emergency approach to the nations globally. It has…

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22

Nov

China, Donald Trump, Europe, Iran, JCPOA, Nuclear Program, Russia, SANCTIONS, Trump administration, USA

US sanctions against Iran under Trump

BY: Political Economy Journal PEJOURNAL - U.S. government under Trump imposed many sanctions on Iran to force the Islamic Republic to accept the security interests of the West. This note assesses the characteristics of these sanctions. On May 8, 2018, US President Donald Trump kept his promise to leave JCPOA. The move marked the beginning of a policy called "maximum pressure" to force Iran to negotiate favorably with the West in the nuclear, missile and regional spheres. Sanctions, number and objectives The Trump government had imposed sanctions on Iran six times before leaving JCPOA, but then imposed sanctions on Iran…

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10

Nov

ceasefire, chess game, Europe, Haftar, Libya, Libya’s Civil War, NATO, Qatar, Russia, Turkey, UN, USA

Libya’s ceasefire: the opening move of a complex chess game.

BY: Begona Arechalde On October 23, the UN body in charge of supervising the peaceful resolution of the Libya’s Civil War, UNSMIL, announced in Geneva that the warring factions have reached a ceasefire agreement. The document, that is just three pages long, summarises the next steps in the de-escalation of the conflict. The UN must monitor the correct implementation of the clauses to prevent internal disputes and third-party interests from sabotaging the progress made. Friday's agreement gives a truce to the poverty-stricken North African country, at war since the ouster of Muammar Qaddafi in a coup orchestrated by NATO and…

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03

Nov

America, Cold War, Europe, France, GERMANY, NATO, Transatlantic Bridge, West-centered

Crack in the American Part of the Transatlantic Bridge

BY: Mohammad Ghaderi PEJOURNAL - The United States has had a turbulent history under each of its presidents, but it has been an important part of world and Western history in the context of developments as a political and international figure. In particular, the process of America's rise to power with the decline of Europe during the First and Second World Wars in shifting new roles and positions in the international system shifted "West-centered" to "West-centered" in such a way that Europe became an American project for US interests after World War II. With the US victory in the Cold…

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02

Nov

energy economy, Energy Security, Europe, Middle East, Oil, renewable energy

Countries that are reliant on oil face uncertainty as renewable energy gain ground

BY: Paul Cochrane PEJOURNAL - The theory of peak oil, whereby the cost of extraction would exceed how much consumers were willing to pay while demand outstripped supply, was first floated more than 60 years ago. Oil production, geologist M King Hubbert predicted, would peak by the turn of the millennium. That didn’t happen - but the spectre of peak oil raised its head again in the mid-2000s, in part pushed by Matthew Simmons’ book Twilight in the Desert: The Coming Saudi Oil Shock and the World Economy. Simmons argued that Saudi Arabia had inflated its colossal oil reserves - a…

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27

Oct

China, Donald Trump, Europe, geopolitics, international relations, Joe Biden, NATO, Pooya Mirzaei, Russia, the United States, U.S. election, world order

What is the main concern of world order’s architects in the aftermath of the U.S. election?

BY: Pooya Mirzaei PEJOURNAL - The U.S. has suffered irreparable damage with the Corona crisis and its unscientific and hasty actions so world order's architects have main concern about aftermath of the U.S. election. Demonstrations against racism, the gender of which lacks political and trade union transparency and shows more of a deep social divide, will intensify in the future, and again, under the pressure of white apartheid in the United States, to bring more violence and unbridled violence with this logic again. It will show that the American social system has not structurally considered the welfare of people of…

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10

Oct

EU, Europe, JCPOA, Middle East, NUCLEAR, Persian Gulf, regional security, UAE, UN Resolution 2231, UNSC, USA, West Asia

Generalization of JCPOA to regional security

PEJOURNAL - Strategic Think Tank of explanation- A recent report from the Carnegie think tank has assessed the possibility of extending the JCPOA to a collective security plan in West Asia by Europe. The think tank is one of America's most famous think tanks in the field of public policy that founded in 1910 by Andrew Carnegie, a Scottish capitalist in the steel market, with the aim of expanding US international cooperation, it now has branches in the European Union, Russia, China and Lebanon in addition to the United States. This report was written by Cornelius Adebahr, a researcher at…

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05

Sep

EU, Europe, rare earth minerals, raw materials

EU unveils plan to secure raw materials

PEJOURNAL - Worried by an increasing dependency on the raw materials used to make smart phones, televisions and energy-saving lights, the European Union on Thursday launched a new strategy to secure access to rare earth minerals and to reduce reliance on suppliers like Chile, China and South Africa. The EU is predicted to need around 60 times more lithium and 15 times more cobalt for electric vehicle batteries and energy storage by 2050. Its demand for rare earth materials in permanent magnets used in several technologies could increase 10-fold over the same period. The coronavirus pandemic is highlighting the world’s…

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04

Aug

Europe, foreign policy, Middle East, Russia, USA

Political Economy Journal: Russia’s Foreign Policy in the Middle East

BY: Daniel Ranjbar PEJOURNAL - In 1787, with several European ambassadors, the Russian Empress Catherine II visited Crimea. The purpose of the trip was to reassure and deceive the ambassadors before a new war against the Sublime Porte with regard to Russia’s true power ability. To this end, Crimean Governor Grigory Potemkin set up mobile villages full of soldiers dressed as farmers to show a fake picture of a fully developed countryside with flourishing agricultural activity. Since then, ‘Potemkin settlements’  have become synonymous with diplomatic deceit and have had a profound influence on the history of Russian foreign policy.  As…

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25

Jul

Energy, Europe, gas, GERMANY, Nord Stream 2, Russia, USA

The Nord Stream 2 Russia-to-Germany pipeline; Increasing Tension Between the U.S. and EU

PEJOURNAL - Although the Nord Stream 2 Russia-to-Germany pipeline is 94 percent complete but Washington wants to keep it that way. A hulking Russian pipe-laying vessel called the Akademik Cherskiy can be seen off Germany’s Baltic coast these days,marine tracking sites say, apparentlywaiting for the chance to complete the final stretches of a massive undersea pipeline that will carry natural gas directly to Germany from Russia. The Trump administration, though, is trying to keep the pipeline, known as Nord Stream 2, on ice. Last week, the State Department moved to potentially impose economic penalties on investors and other business participants…

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