Strategy & Policy

28

Nov

civilization, ethno-cultural assimilation, Greeco-Roman, neo-capitalist, O. Spengler, The decline of the West, West

The decline of the West

BY: Zory Petzova Translated BY: Costantino Ceoldo PEJOURNAL - The eponymous bestseller " The decline of the West" by O. Spengler, published exactly a century ago, has caused several generations of readers to melancholy pining at the idea of ​​the inevitable decline inherent in the fate of Western civilization. Despite having perfectly grasped the causes of a decadent perspective, Spengler's thought has the theoretical flaw of considering the history of every civilization as a biological organism which, having completed its natural stages of development, eventually dies. In reality, what dies is not the physical body of civilization, but its elites…

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28

Nov

EU, Iran, Israel, JCPOA, Joe Biden, Natanz nuclear site, nuclear deal, Trump administration

Biden wants to recover the Iranian nuclear deal (JCPOA) but it’s not that simple

BY:  Paolo Mauri Translated BY: Costantino Ceoldo PEJOURNAL - In the electoral program of Joe Biden, president-elect (for now) of the United States, there is the desire to recover the Iranian nuclear deal, the JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) wanted by Barack Obama in 2015 and rejected by Donald Trump in May 2018. The treaty was aimed at ensuring that Iranian nuclear development was solely and exclusively aimed at peaceful ends, thus allowing the gradual withdrawal of international sanctions that have almost strangled the country's economy. However, for the United States, re-entering the stretch may not be so simple…

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22

Nov

China, Donald Trump, Europe, Iran, JCPOA, Nuclear Program, Russia, SANCTIONS, Trump administration, USA

US sanctions against Iran under Trump

BY: Political Economy Journal PEJOURNAL - U.S. government under Trump imposed many sanctions on Iran to force the Islamic Republic to accept the security interests of the West. This note assesses the characteristics of these sanctions. On May 8, 2018, US President Donald Trump kept his promise to leave JCPOA. The move marked the beginning of a policy called "maximum pressure" to force Iran to negotiate favorably with the West in the nuclear, missile and regional spheres. Sanctions, number and objectives The Trump government had imposed sanctions on Iran six times before leaving JCPOA, but then imposed sanctions on Iran…

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22

Nov

Algeria, colonialism, France, French media, North African

French media malicious maneuvers remains hatched against stability in Algeria

BY: Hana Saada PEJOURNAL - French media maneuvers continue attempting to sap the stability of Algeria with the broadcast of biased documentaries aiming at spreading falsehood and tarnishing the image of the country that kicked out the French colonizer from its territories in 1962. The French television channel M6 broadcasted, two months, a program, entitled: “Enquête Exclusive” (Exclusive Inquiry). This 75-minute report, bearing the name: “Algeria, The Land of All revolts” which was filmed clandestinely in a "hidden camera" mode, portrays falsified and biased testimonies on Hirak “, the popular peaceful protests that erupted in the country in February 2019,…

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20

Nov

China, Indo-Pacific, Influence, Powers of Persuasion, U.S.

Influence of U.S. Versus Chinese Powers of Persuasion in Indo-Pacific region

"China's Influence Is Economic, While America's Is Diplomacy and Defense” BY: RAND PEJOURNAL - U.S. policymakers and experts are focused on two central questions about long-term strategic competition between the United States and the People's Republic of China (PRC): How do we assess how well the United States is doing relative to China, and which country has more influence in the Indo-Pacific region? RAND Project AIR FORCE researchers addressed these two questions by first defining what influence means in the context of great-power competition and creating a framework to measure U.S. versus PRC influence. The result brings into focus a…

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15

Nov

Cyprus, East Mediterranean, Energy, energy economy, Energy Right, Energy Security, gas, Mediterranean, Oil, Turkey

Getting East Mediterranean Energy Right

BY: Nikos Tsafos* PEJOURNAL - This was a tumultuous summer in the Eastern Mediterranean. On August 12, there was a collision between a Greek frigate and a Turkish frigate as the two navies circled the Turkish survey vessel Oruc Reis. Military exercises drew in forces from the United States, Russia, and France. The United States, Germany, and NATO each tried to mediate between Greece and Turkey. The Mediterranean members of the European Union held a summit, leading French president Emmanuel Macron to tweet “Pax Mediterranea” (whatever that means). Russia offered to help lower tensions, and Greece announced a massive weapons…

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14

Nov

ASEAN, China, Indo-Pacific, Mutual Defence Treaty, Quad, Quadrilateral Security Dialogue

The Quad; A Complement or Replacement for ASEAN?

BY: Gabriel Joel P. Honrada* PEJOURNAL - There are two emerging guarantors of the multilateral rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific. First is the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) between the US, Australia, Japan, and India. Second is the Association of Southeast Asian States (ASEAN). Both organisations attempt to uphold the rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific, albeit via different means. The Quad provides a tangible enforcing presence and backs up the rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific with the threat of military force. In comparison, ASEAN takes a softer approach of interaction, socialisation, and integration to preserve the same. In view of China’s…

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14

Nov

Algeria, Conflict, European Union, Frente POLISARIO, Morocco, Sahrawi, United Nations Security Council, Western Sahara

Western Sahara, Morocco clear-cut conflict escalation

BY: Hana Saada PEJOURNAL - In a flagrant and deliberate violation of the Ceasefire agreement signed between the two parties to the conflict in Western Sahara (Frente POLISARIO and Morocco) in 1991, the Moroccan occupation forces opened, on Friday, three new breaches in the Moroccan military wall of shame with a view to attacking the peaceful Sahrawi protesters who are protesting peacefully in Guerguerat. In this aspect, the Moroccan Armed Forces sent military forces through three routes east of the illegal breach in Guerguerat to Sahrawi civilians who were demonstrating peacefully in the areas since October 21 against the illegal…

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13

Nov

Ansar allah, Houthi movement, Muslim Brotherhood, Turkey, West Asia, Yemen

Reviving Turkey’s role in Yemen; Its advantages and risks

PEJOURNAL - Turkey's neo-Ottoman foreign policy in West Asia in recent years has made the country one of the most important and interfering players in regional changes. Although in these interventions, the pragmatism of this country has been preferred to the ideological dimension of foreign policy as in the past, but behind such an approach, supporting the currents close to the Muslim Brotherhood and the alliance with Qatar in the region has been very important. And for this reason, the type of convergences and divergences of this country in West Asia is largely influenced by Brotherhood tendencies. The kind of…

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13

Nov

Baltic Region, baltic sea, EU, NATO, Russian, USA

Russian Policies in Baltic Region

BY: Daniel Ranjbar PEJOURNAL - Russia’s relations with the Baltic states, including Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia, have deteriorated since the collapse of the Soviet Union, with Russia and its Western allies blaming Russia for the increase. It should not be overlooked that the differences between Russia and the Baltic states are rooted in the centuries-old history of the inhabitants of the region. Army of Poland and Lituvania occupied Moscow for two years to become the only country in history to conquer Moscow, unlike Napoleon, the leader of France, and Hitler, the leader of Nazi Germany. The three Baltic republics, Estonia,…

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